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 The field of electronics
comprises the study and use of systems that operate by controlling the
flow of electrons (or other charge carriers) in devices such as
thermionic valves (vacuum tubes) and semiconductors. The design and
construction of electronic circuits to solve practical problems is an
integral technique in the field of electronics engineering and is
equally important in hardware design for computer engineering. All
applications of electronics involve the transmission of either
information or power. Most deal only with information.
The study of new semiconductor devices and surrounding technology is
sometimes considered a branch of physics. This article focuses on
engineering aspects of electronics.
Overview of electronic systems and circuits :
Electronic systems are used to perform a wide variety of tasks. The main
uses of electronic circuits are:
The controlling and processing of data.
The conversion to/from and distribution of electric power.
Both these applications involve the creation and/or detection of
electromagnetic fields and electric currents. While electrical energy
had been used for some time prior to the late 19th century to transmit
data over telegraph and telephone lines, development in electronics grew
exponentially after the advent of radio.
One way of looking at an electronic system is to divide it into 3
parts:
Inputs – Electronic or mechanical sensors (or transducers). These
devices take signals/information from external sources in the physical
world (such as antennas or technology networks) and convert those
signals/information into current/voltage or digital (high/low) signals
within the system.
Signal processors – These circuits serve to manipulate, interpret and
transform inputted signals in order to make them useful for a desired
application. Recently, complex signal processing has been accomplished
with the use of Digital Signal Processors.
Outputs – Actuators or other devices (such as transducers) that
transform current/voltage signals back into useful physical form (e.g.,
by accomplishing a physical task such as rotating an electric motor).
For example, a television set contains these 3 parts. The television's
input transforms a broadcast signal (received by an antenna or fed in
through a cable) into a current/voltage signal that can be used by the
device. Signal processing circuits inside the television extract
information from this signal that dictates brightness, colour and sound
level. Output devices then convert this information back into physical
form. A cathode ray tube transforms electronic signals into a visible
image on the screen. Magnet-driven speakers convert signals into audible
sound. [[MARS ELECTRONICS]]
Electronic devices and components :
An electronic component is any indivisible electronic building block
packaged in a discrete form with two or more connecting leads or
metallic pads. Components are intended to be connected together, usually
by soldering to a printed circuit board, to create an electronic circuit
with a particular function (for example an amplifier, radio receiver, or
oscillator). Components may be packaged singly (resistor, capacitor,
transistor, diode etc.) or in more or less complex groups as integrated
circuits (operational amplifier, resistor array, logic gate etc). Active
components are sometimes called devices rather than components.
Sources : Internet
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